Abstract: Cesarean section (C-section) is one of the most commonly performed obstetric
surgeries, but despite its many advantages, it is associated with a range of long-term
consequences, including the development of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). SUI is a
condition in which uncontrollable urine leakage occurs during physical exertion, coughing,
sneezing, or other activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure. In women who have
undergone a C-section, the development of SUI may result from various mechanisms,
including mechanical damage to the bladder, pelvic floor, and nerve innervation during the
surgery.
The mechanisms of injury may include direct trauma to the bladder, nerve damage affecting
the pelvic floor, as well as increased intra-abdominal pressure during pregnancy and labor.
However, there are preventive strategies and therapeutic approaches that can reduce the risk
of developing SUI after a C-section. Preoperative assessment of the patient, proper technical
execution of the surgical intervention, and postoperative rehabilitation, including pelvic floor
physiotherapy, may play a crucial role in reducing this risk. The development of
individualized treatment and prevention strategies is essential for improving the quality of life
for women following a C-section and preventing long-term urinary problems.

Key words: Cesarean section (C-section); Stress urinary incontinence (SUI); Intra-abdominal
pressure; Bladder injury; Pelvic floor injury; Pelvic floor physiotherapy; Prevention
strategies; Quality of life; Long-term urinary problems

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