Abstract: The eyes and kidneys are the most likely affected organs in some systemic and
metabolic diseases. This is probably due to the similarity in their structures. Both organs
develop during the same embryonic stage around the fourth to sixth gestational week, thus
defining a strong relationship between eye and kidney diseases. As described by Dr. Arushi
Gupta et al, Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, August 2023. According to a study by Li et. Al,
BMC Ophthalmology 2023, ophthalmoscopy ofpatients looks for early renal changes based
on laboratory results already obtained for albuminuria. This may be an important diagnostic

indicator because hypertensive retinopathy is directly related to vascular endothelium
damage, similar to that of the renal parenchyma. They should be monitored for smoking,
alcohol intake, antihypertensive medication use, and systolic blood pressure values above 140
mmHg and diastolic blood pressure values above 90 mmHg .The presence of type 2 DM with
long-standing expression is of key importance in these patients. As per Marc Evans et al,
Diabetes Ther 2021, January it is demonstrated yet again that the presence of DM and
hypertensive retinopathy increases the risk of developing chronic renal disease. Ocular
manifestations may predict renal disease and/or patients with CKD stages 3-5 are at a higher
risk of developing ocular manifestations grouped as an oculorenal syndrome.
Keywords: Chronic renal disease, ophthalmoscopy, albuminuria, retinopathy, metabolic
diseases

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