Abstract: In today’s context of increasing demand for highly qualified professionals capable of operating in emergency and extreme conditions, water rescue stands out as an activity that requires not only technical skills but also exceptional physiological resilience. Physical endurance, the functional efficiency of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and an optimal body composition are essential for water rescuers to respond adequately, safely, and promptly during intense physical exertion.

This study aims to evaluate the role of body composition and respiratory parameters in the physiological adaptation to physical exertion among water rescue trainees. The methodology includes anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance analysis, spirometry, and monitoring of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) during exercise.

The findings demonstrate considerable interindividual variability in the measured parameters. Body mass ranged from 52.0 to 141.3 kg, BMI from 20.1 to 49.5, body fat percentage from 18.4% to 41.5%, and muscle mass from 20 to 45 kg. Respiratory metrics also varied: FVC (3.1–4.0 L), FEV₁ (2.2–3.3 L), and FEV₁/FVC ratio (70.9%–86.8%). During exertion, an increase in HR and a decrease in HRV were observed, indicating sympathetic nervous system activation.

The conclusions highlight the importance of a personalized approach in training water rescuers through regular monitoring of physiological indicators and incorporation of high-intensity training. Such practices enhance adaptation, reduce the risk of overload, and improve performance in real-life rescue operations.

Keywords: water rescue, bioimpedance, spirometry, heart rate, physical exertion

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